Tubbing, tubbing ring and tunnel works

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to a tubbing ( 2 ) for a tubbing ring ( 1 ) used in underground tunnel works in which a front tubbing face ( 4 ) and a rear tubbing face ( 5 ) are provided. At least one tubbing face ( 4, 5 ) is provided in the shape of a spherical shell.

[0001] The invention relates to a tubbing for a tubbing ring used in underground tunnel works. The invention furthermore relates to a tubbing ring composed of a plurality of tubbings according to the invention. Furthermore, the invention also relates to tunnel works having a plurality of tubbing rings arranged one behind the other in the lengthwise tunnel direction.

[0002] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, a tubbing ring according to the invention has a circular or essentially circular cross-section. In this case, it is practical if a tubbing for a tubbing ring has a basic body in the shape of a cylinder mantle segment. However, it also lies within the scope of the invention that the tubbing ring can have any other cross-sectional shape. Thus, the tubbing ring can have a rectangular cross-section, for example, particularly a square cross-section, or also a triangular or oval cross-section. Fundamentally, the tubbing ring can have any desired polygonal cross-sectional shape. A tubbing or tubbing ring according to the invention can, in particular, also be used for a double tunnel having two tunnel tubes that are parallel to one another. Then a tubbing ring according to the invention can also have an eyeglass-shaped cross-section. In the following, the invention will be described essentially with reference to the preferred embodiment, in which the tubbing ring has a circular cross-section and a related tubbing of this tubbing ring has a basic body in the shape of a cylinder mantle.

[0003] Tubbing rings that consist of a plurality of tubbings, in each instance, are used in the construction of tunnels, i.e. for lining tunnels. In this connection, this particularly involves tunnels that are built using mechanical shield advance drives. The linings of these tunnels normally consist of tubbing rings or tubbings made of steel-reinforced concrete. The tunnel pipes produced in this way serve as railroad route segments or subway route segments, for example.

[0004] The tubbings known from practice are generally structured in the shape of cylinder mantle segments, and the tubbing rings made from them have the shape of a cylinder mantle, i.e. a circular cross-section. For straight-line tunnel segments, tubbings having two parallel tubbing faces, i.e. tubbing rings having two tubbing ring faces that are parallel to one another, are used. If a curve is supposed to be made in a tunnel, these tubbings, i.e. the tubbing rings made from them, are less suitable. Therefore, special tubbings are used for making tunnel curves, which have a lesser width on one side than on the other side. Using these tubbings, tubbing rings are composed that have a non-uniform width over their circumference. Using such tubbing rings, tunnel curves can be made, in that several appropriately configured tubbing rings are set one behind the other. The degree and the direction of the curve are controlled by means of the relative turn of the tubbing rings with regard to one another. Therefore the known system is limited to a circular cross-section. The known measures furthermore make it necessary to produce and store specially configured tubbing rings. This is complicated and expensive.

[0005] In contrast with this, the invention is based on the technical problem of indicating a tubbing of the type stated initially, with which curved tunnel pipes can be implemented in simple and uncomplicated manner. The invention is furthermore based on the technical problem of indicating a corresponding tubbing ring as well as tunnel works that consist of several tubbing rings.

[0006] To solve this technical problem, the invention teaches a tubbing for a tubbing ring used in underground tunnel works,

[0007] in which a front tubbing face and a rear tubbing face are provided,

[0008] and in which at least one tubbing face is provided in the shape of a spherical shell segment. Within the scope of the invention, tubbing face means the face of a tubbing that faces an adjacent tubbing ring in the tunnel, i.e. in the tunnel works.

[0009] According to the invention, at least one tubbing face is configured in domed, spherical shell shape. In other words, the tubbing face in question is configured like part of a sphere surface. It lies within the scope of the invention that both the front tubbing face and the rear tubbing face of a tubbing according to the invention are configured in the shape of a spherical shell segment. It lies within the scope of the invention that a tubbing according to the invention has a basic body in the shape of a cylinder mantle. The tubbing ring formed with these tubbings therefore has the shape of a cylinder mantle, i.e. it has a circular cross-section.

[0010] To solve the technical problem explained above, the invention furthermore teaches a tubbing ring composed of a plurality of tubbings according to the invention, whereby a front tubbing ring face and a rear tubbing ring face are provided, and whereby at least one tubbing ring face is configured in spherical shell segment shape. In tunnel construction, a plurality of tubbings is composed to form a tubbing ring. In this connection, the tubbings are generally joined together with their side surfaces, forming a positive lock. It is practical if the resulting tubbing ring is configured in cylinder mantle shape, i.e. it is practical if it has a circular cross-section or at least an essentially circular cross-section.—Tubbing ring face means the face of an entire tubbing ring, which faces an adjacent tubbing ring in the tunnel, i.e. in the tunnel works, i.e. borders on the adjacent tubbing ring. Within the scope of the invention, configuration of a tubbing ring face in the shape of a spherical shell segment particularly means that the tubbing ring face in question has the shape of the surface of a spherical zone, i.e. a spherical layer.

[0011] It lies within the scope of the invention that both the front tubbing ring face and the rear tubbing ring face are configured in the shape of spherical shell segments. According to the invention, therefore, both the front tubbing ring face and the rear tubbing ring face are shaped like the surface of a spherical zone, i.e. a spherical layer.

[0012] It lies within the scope of the invention that the center point of the sphere assigned to the tubbing ring face that has the shape of a spherical shell segment is arranged on the center axis of the tubbing ring. In this connection, the “imaginary” sphere has a diameter that is greater than the outside radius, i.e. the greatest expanse of the tubbing ring. If the tubbing ring has a circular cross-section, center axis of the tubbing ring means the axis that passes through the center point of the circle. The extended center axis of a tubbing ring would then correspond to the center longitudinal axis of a straight tunnel segment composed of a plurality of tubbing rings.—It lies within the scope of the invention that the rear tubbing ring face has the shape of a spherical shell segment having the radius R and the center point M. Then, it is practical if the front tubbing ring face has the shape of a spherical shell segment of the same sphere having the radius R, the center point M′ of which was merely shifted on the center axis, specifically by the tubbing width, i.e. by the tubbing ring width b. Therefore it lies within the scope of the invention that the front tubbing ring face and the rear tubbing ring face are arranged to be parallel to one another. In other words, both the front tubbing ring face and the rear tubbing ring face each lie on a spherical shell of a sphere having the same radius R. In the practical embodiment of the invention explained above, the front tubbing ring face of an individual tubbing is also arranged parallel to the rear tubbing ring face of this tubbing. For example, five to nine or six to eight tubbings can be combined to form a tubbing ring.

[0013] To solve the technical problem presented above, the invention furthermore teaches tunnel works having a plurality of tubbing rings according to the invention, arranged one behind the other in the tunnel direction, each of which consists of a plurality of tubbings according to the invention,

[0014] in which each tubbing ring has a front tubbing ring face in the shape of a spherical shell segment as well as a rear tubbing ring face in the shape of a spherical shell segment,

[0015] and in which the front tubbing ring face in the shape of a spherical shell segment of a first tubbing ring is joined to the rear tubbing ring face in the shape of a spherical shell segment of a second, adjacent tubbing ring, with a positive lock.

[0016] The tunnel works therefore consist of a plurality of tubbing rings lined up with one another. In this connection, the tubbing rings border on one another with their tubbing ring faces in the shape of a spherical shell segment. If the tubbing rings are joined together in such a manner that their center axes form a continuous straight line, a straight tunnel segment is obtained. However, the tubbing rings can easily be used offset or turned relative to one another, because of their tubbing ring faces in the shape of a spherical shell segment. In this manner, easy configuration of a curve-shaped tunnel pipe is possible.

[0017] The invention is based on the recognition that curved tunnel pipes with any desired curvature can be configured using the tubbings according to the invention, i.e. using the tubbing rings according to the invention, in simple and uncomplicated manner. Fundamentally, the formation of any desired spatial curve is possible. The minimum possible route radius results from the general geometric conditions, particularly from the cross-sectional dimensions of the tubbing ring, the tubbing width, the offset dimension, and the spherical radius. On the basis of the tubbing faces, i.e. tubbing ring faces in the shape of a spherical shell segment, according to the invention, a positive-lock join and therefore a tight join of the tubbing rings can be guaranteed even with a curve-shaped tunnel progression. Within the scope of the invention, it is of particular importance that a single embodiment of a tubbing ring according to the invention, by itself, can be used both for straight tunnel pipe segments and for curve-shaped tunnel pipe segments. In this way, the invention distinguishes itself from the measures known from the state of the art, as explained at the beginning, by a significantly lower amount of effort and cost. It should also be emphasized that the tubbings according to the invention can be produced in relatively simple and uncomplicated manner.

[0018] The invention particularly relates to a tubbing, i.e. a tubbing ring for tunnel works. However, it also lies within the scope of the invention that the term tubbing or tubbing ring stands for any desired construction element that has the characteristics of claim 1 or claim 4, and can be used for pipe-shaped works or for a pipe-shaped structure. Thus, for example, advance-drive pipes or pre-fabricated cross-sections, for example box cross-sections, can also be equipped with the faces in the shape of a spherical shell segment according to the invention.

[0019] In the following, the invention will be explained in greater detail using a drawing that shows an exemplary embodiment, which serves merely as an example. The drawing shows, in a schematic representation:

[0020]FIG. 1 a perspective view of a tubbing ring according to the invention,

[0021]FIG. 2 a side view of the object according to FIG. 1,

[0022]FIG. 3 a schematic illustration of the configuration and the offset of two tubbing rings arranged one behind the other, and

[0023]FIG. 4 a schematic illustration of a plurality of tubbing rings arranged one behind the other in a curve-shaped tunnel segment.

[0024]FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 show a tubbing ring 1 according to the invention used in underground tunnel works. The tubbing ring 1 consists of a plurality of tubbings 2, seven tubbings 2 in the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2. Each tubbing 2 has a basic body 3 in the shape of a cylinder mantle segment. In addition, in the exemplary embodiment, each tubbing 2 is characterized in that both the front tubbing face 4 and the rear tubbing face 5 are configured in the shape of a spherical shell segment. The tubbings 2 complement one another, in the exemplary embodiment, to form a tubbing ring 1 shaped as a cylinder mantle, having a circular cross-section. The configuration of the tubbing ring faces in the shape of a spherical shell segment has the result that both the front tubbing ring face 6 and the rear tubbing ring face 7 are configured in the shape of a spherical shell segment.

[0025]FIG. 3 first of all illustrates the configuration of the tubbing-ring faces 6, 7 in the shape of a spherical shell segment. Two tubbing rings 1 a, 1 b are shown, each of which has a ring width b and an outside diameter D. With reference to the configuration of the rear tubbing ring face 7 a of the first tubbing ring 1 a, the point of departure is an “imaginary” sphere, the center point M of which lies on the center axis m of the tubbing ring 1 a. The diameter of this sphere is significantly greater than the cross-section of the tubbing ring 1 a, i.e. of the tunnel pipe. The rear tubbing ring face 7 a lies on the spherical shell, i.e. on the sphere surface of the sphere having the radius R. If one now shifts the center point M of the sphere on the center axis m of the tubbing ring 1 a by the width b of the tubbing ring 1 a, one obtains the center point M′ of the sphere. Then the front tubbing ring face 6 a lies on the spherical shell, i.e. on the sphere surface of this sphere having the same radius R. The analogous situation also holds true for the configuration of the tubbing ring faces 6 b and 7 b of the second tubbing ring 1 b. The second tubbing ring 1 b is furthermore arranged offset relative to the first tubbing ring 1 a, i.e. it has been rotated by an angle α. This offset joining of the tubbing rings 1 a, 1 b permits a curve-shaped configuration of tunnel pipes, i.e. of tunnel works.

[0026]FIG. 4 shows a plurality of tubbing rings 1 arranged one behind the other. These tubbing rings 1 have all been arranged offset, i.e. turned relative to one another, so that curve-shaped tunnel works are obtained, which corresponds to a 90° arc in the exemplary embodiment. Furthermore, an offset or turned arrangement of the tubbing rings 1 means that the tubbing ring faces 6, 7 of two adjacent tubbing rings 1 do not rest on one another over their entire surface, but that merely a part of the tubbing ring faces 6, 7 rests against one another, forming a positive lock. 

1. Tubbing (2) for a tubbing ring (1) used in underground tunnel works, in which a front tubbing face (4) and a rear tubbing face (5) are provided, and in which at least one tubbing face (4, 5) is provided in the shape of a spherical shell segment.
 2. Tubbing according to claim 1, wherein both the front tubbing face (4) and the rear tubbing face (5) are configured in the shape of a spherical shell segment.
 3. Tubbing according to claim 1, wherein the tubbing has a basic body in the shape of a cylinder mantle segment.
 4. Tubbing ring made up of a plurality of tubbings (2) according to claim 1, in which a front tubbing ring face (6) and a rear tubbing ring face (7) are provided, and in which at least one tubbing ring face (6, 7) is configured in the shape of a spherical shell segment.
 5. Tubbing ring according to claim 4, wherein both the front tubbing ring face (6) and the rear tubing ring face (7) are configured in the shape of a spherical shell segment.
 6. Tubbing ring according to claim 4, wherein the center point (M) of the sphere assigned to the tubbing ring face (6, 7) that has the shape of a spherical shell segment is arranged on the center axis (m) of the tubbing ring (1).
 7. Tubbing ring according to claim 4, wherein five to nine, preferably six to eight tubbings (2) are combined to form a tubbing ring (1).
 8. Tunnel works having a plurality of tubbing rings (1) according to claim 4, arranged one behind the other in the lengthwise direction of the tunnel, in which each tubbing ring (1) has a front tubbing ring face (6) in the shape of a spherical shell segment as well as a rear tubbing ring face (7) in the shape of a spherical shell segment, and in which the front tubbing ring face (6) in the shape of a spherical shell segment of a first tubbing ring (1) is joined to the rear tubbing ring face (7) in the shape of a spherical shell segment of a second, adjacent tubbing ring (1), with a positive lock. 